The Nuiances of Essay Topics about Social Media

The Nuiances of Essay Topics about Social Media At precisely the same time, it's an excellent persuasive essay idea. The crucial thing is to make your essay actually reflective and the trick to achieving that is to set your own personality within it. Argumentative essay is the sort of written example where you are able to also be requested to write about social networking. Writing an intriguing essay about trendy topics is an opportunity to reveal your understanding of the planet. Such social networking essay can be not a simple endeavor to cope with, particularly if your reader has absolutely various point of view than yours. You are going to be able to track the entire procedure of essay writing and get involved in it if you've got such a wish. There are lots of media essay examples on our samples page that may offer you a gist of the outstanding work to anticipate from our pro writers. Of course it isn't important if you write about the history of media, yet to understand the modern state of it, utilize the newest information you may get. The Fundamentals of Essay Topics about Social Media Revealed Such types of near-subliminal advertising can subconsciously cause someone to obtain certain merchandise. Now days a one may use the social media and receive any type of data he or she requires. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a substantial quantity of curiosity and capacity to think beyond the box and search info in unconventional sources. The education process is fluid. Understanding Essay Topics about Social Media Although it could be a convenient means of communication and keeping in touch with long distance friends, there are several negative impacts of social networking, especially on the youthful generation. Also, it's a remarkable tool for fostering business. Aggressive young men and women utilize social media to boost their status in school and other institutions. Social network is transforming the way young men and women interact with their parents, peers, in addition to how they make usage of technology. The Hidden Facts About Essay Topics about Social Media Social networking does have negative effects also, but are nothing in comparison to the benefits of using it. It is a very valuable tool that can be used to meet new people, and allow people to remain in contact with friends. Social networking is various websites and applications that provide people the chance to make and share images, videos and messages, which can be sent to people all around the world. They can also be a great tool to gather information from your target customers. Essay Topics about Social Media: the Ultimate Convenience! It's needful to opt for a topic that will permit you to research it easily. When you start to work on the topic the next points should be taken under consideration. You ought to make sure you've picked an adequate topic so that you may submit a high-quality essay. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. Locating good essay topics you could discuss effectively and create powerful argumentative essays is a tricky work. Writing a social media argumentative essay isn't as simple as ABC should you don't understand how to get started. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. The Battle Over Essay Topics about Social Media and How to Win It Addiction to social media has a negative effect on physical well-being. When selecting your social problems topic, try to remember that it's always far better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. Social networking gives lots of possibilities to students and teachers. Social networking isn't an exception as in most cases it causes an addiction that has a negative effect on the total lifestyle of someone. There are lots of advantages of social networking, but in addition, there are plenty of drawbacks. Despite the fact that they can be useful, the negative aspects of social media definitely overshadow the positive. There are benefits and disadvantages of social networking. There are lots of advantages in addition to disadvantages to companies utilizing social media as an advertising tool. Moreover, users finally have the possiblity to share through social networking channels what they like. Additionally, you may use social media as a means to say thank you to all your clients and followers for all they do to support your company.

The Rise Of The Industrial Revolution - 1349 Words

During the height of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, specifically England, was a period of mass sufferings, child induced labor, and food shortages all due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization, in which a large population of the people from rural areas migrated to cities and towns out of necessity for work, â€Å"half of the population of England and Wales was living in towns by 1850.† This was all witnessed by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels when they were living in England in the 1840s, it was there where Engels, whose father owned a textile factory and was a partner to cotton plant in Manchester, took extensive notes and saw first hand all atrocities and horrors present in the slums of Manchester, particularly child labor, eventually leading to his publishing of The Condition of the Working Class in England. Engels presented Marx with his recently published work in Paris igniting a longterm friendship and lifetime collaboration. Collectively, Marx a nd Engels deduced that there was a growing problem in England and Europe as a whole that needed to be solved. Their concerns were centered around the Industrial revolution, a movement in which machines were able to mass produce products at a more efficient rate, but at the cost of terrible living conditions, working conditions, wages, and the exploitation of the Proletariat (the working class), at the hands of the Bourgeoisie (the elite). The living conditions in England during the time of the IndustrialShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution942 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin to blister, maybe the farmer will become dehydrated and will have to stop production? There’s a famous quote that states â€Å"time is money,†which before the Industrial Revolution was admittedly true. Merchants could not spare a second because time could not afford to be wasted. Furthermore, during the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which took place during the18th and 19th century, merchants were eleiviated of the burden of meager income, malnutrition, and etc. Which of course sounds greatRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution937 Words   |  4 Pagesvoices and ideologies within the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution began in England around the eighteenth century. It was a period of time where there was a transition from rural agriculture to powered machinery, and mass production of goods. Though the goods increased, a new social system also emerged, which consequently caused tensions between the working class and the bourgeoisie. These strains between the proletarian group and the bourgeoisie gave rise to many political responses asRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is a â€Å"sudden, extreme, or complete change in the way people live, work, etc.† (Meriam-Webster). The Industrial Revolution was a shift from largely rural, handcrafted and agricultural economies to an eventu al urban technology-driven economies. The revolution began in Britain in the 1700s, hit the United States in the 1800s and spread to the whole world by the 1900s. Europe and the United States were components in the products of the Industrial Revolution going viral. These two countriesRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1007 Words   |  5 Pages Analytical Paper In the late 1800s, with the rise of the industrial revolution, there were business titans make millions and curating monopoly. These men were know as Robber Barons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P Morgan, Andrew Carnegie and John D, Rockefeller. These men were buying up every business that had any relationship with their companies in order to corner the market and create monopolies. These companies had no restrictions on the business practices and business acquisitions during thisRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industrial Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old R egime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classifiedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Rise Of Computer Industry Essay1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution caused a great change in history in both technology and science. With the increased mechanization of society and the increase in manufactured goods. We still see its effects today and you could argue that the Industrial Revolution is still going on with the rise of computer industry and the internet. We also are seeing the impact of the Industrial Revolution and how it has effected our environment and even how we conduct war. Before the Industrial Revolution most productionRead MoreThe Rise of the Factory System during the Industrial Revolution1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof management theories ranging from classical theories of management to the Japanese management model. The present day management theory is the outcome of the many interdisciplinary efforts of a wide range of people. The rise of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution in Europe, where mechanization or automation and mass production were the pillars of productivity, was the start of the modern day organization. Management theory was, however, slow to evolve. There was a need to define managementRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Associated With Britain s Rise As An Imperial Power?2272 Words   |  10 Pageswhat extent was the industrial revolution associated with Britain’s rise as an imperial power? In the middle of the 18th century, there were many major European colonial powers; Spain, Portugal, the Dutch Republic, France and of course, Great Britain . A century later, by about the middle of the 19th century, the British Empire was unrivalled, stretching all around the world and having become a great trading and conquering empire. During this period, the â€Å"industrial revolution† was credited to haveRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is consideredRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scien tific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning

Catcher In The Rye

Catcher In The Rye- Movie Proposal Essay Movie Proposal:The Catcher in the RyeVina KuIverson/RaceyPer. 7, 8 To the Producer:The Catcher in the Rye, a contemporary novel by J.D. Salinger, is a thought-provoking, fascinating look at societys values and issues in the 1950s. This book would make an excellent transition to film because it is full of both action and implication. It focuses on a four-day period of time in the life of a sixteen-year-old cynic with emotional problems. The book follows Holden Caulfield as he struggles with others and himself to find his way through the phoniness and disillusionment involved in his adolescent life. These struggles essentially make up the novel, occurring during a long flashback of the four days as he relates them to a psychoanalyst. It would make a brilliant movie because it is written with so much detail, so many pictures that would be beautifully expressed through visual representation. Not only that, but the novel possesses substance, providing a subjective view of the superficiali ty of modern life, which is represented by the world Salinger creates around Holden. Summary: The movie would be named after the novel it is based on, and would attempt to follow the exact storyline. Pencey Prep, the private school that Holden attended would not have to be in Pennsylvania, but somewhere resembling the area. Most of the city incidents would actually be filmed in New York City. Of course, certain streets would have to be singled out, and the costuming and cars, etc., would have to resemble1950s New York in order to fit the time period. The movie would be narrated by Holden, who would stop talking at times to allow focus on the flashbacks taking place in what would then seem like present tense. Much of the narration does not need to be put into dialogue because Holden spends a great deal of time in his descriptions of what is going on around him. This aspect of the book would have to be carried out carefully and precisely by actors with the right kind of talent (see Characters/Acting) in order to make the movie successful in capturing Salingers exact tones and concepts. Note: the main objective of the movie is to present The Catcher in the Rye in visual format. This means to follow as closely as possible to the original plot, dialogue, settings, etc. as written in the book unless truly impossible. The movie should reflect the intentions of J.D. Salinger and also incorporate the themes expressed in the novel (i.e., hypocrisies and phonies in everyday life, the search for a place to belong, isolation and wearing masks ). If possible, the author should be contacted for opinions and criticism throughout the filming of the movie. The beginning of the movie could or could not be modified from the beginning of the book; either way would still appropriately capture the atmosphere of the psychoanalyst and Holden. One way to begin is by actually showing Holden lying in a psychoanalysts office, where he begins his narration. The camera would then fade into Pencey Prep, with Holden standing atop Thomsen Hill. Another approach could just be to begin directly with the scene on the hill, with Holden voicing over the picture. Of course, not every scene could have narration. Otherwise the movie would be unrealistic. Some of the thoughts that run through Holdens head would have to become dialogue, for example, Holden would mumble Phony under his breath while talking to certain characters. Locations: All of the scenes occurring at Pencey would be filmed at another prep school resembling the descriptions given by Holden throughout the book. (Way the hell up on top of Thomsen Hill, right next to this crazy cannon that was in the Revolutionary WarYou could see the whole football field from there-The Catcher in the Rye, p.2) One of the more grotesque scenes would be the suicide of James Castle. This is a critical scene because Holden tells the reader about it after the incident in Mr.Antolinis apartment, depicting Holdens sudden unwillingness to judge him. It can be filmed well using stuntmen and technology to recreate the jump from the window and the death. The moment Mr.Antolini approaches the body afterwards should be caught on camera to

The Sign of Four Essay Example

The Sign of Four Paper The opening lines suggest that Holmes is a drug addict, alternating between morphine and cocaine, displayed when Watson asks:What is it today? I asked, morphine or cocaine? The drugs have physically taken their toll on Holmes, his white fingers take the needle before injecting the drug in to his sinewy forearm. Watson clearly objects to Holmes use of drugs, but is reluctant to protest, despite his knowledge of the dangers of drugs. Holmes accepts Watsons medical opinion, possibly because he is an army surgeon, however this is one of the rare times where Holmes acknowledges what Watson has to say. Watson is in awe of Holmes, he admires his great powers and repeatedly describes Holmes in an admirable fashion. Holmes can not stand being without work, and he takes drugs to pass the time, because he is restless. His mind rebels at stagnation. Holmes has an inflated opinion of himself, as he describes himself as superior over the police force, and that when Gregson, or Lestrade, or Athelney Jones are out of their depths which is their normal state, the matter is laid before me.  Holmes tends to show no emotion throughout the novel, the first time he shows this is in his critiscism of Watsons work you have attempted to tinge it with romantiscism. He says detection ought to be treated in an unemotional manner. Watson however, displays emotion frequently and it often hampers him in his work, but the romance was there he replies to Holmes critiscism. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sign of Four specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Sign of Four specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Sign of Four specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Watson looks up to Holmes almost like an older brother, and writes A Study in Scarlet specifically to please (him). Watson is irritated by (Holmes) egotism. His egotism surfaces again when he speaks of his French detective colleague. Watson describes the way the Frenchman speaks as a pupil to his master. Holmes is very knowledgable. He has several monographs, and he uses his knowledge to help him in his detection. Holmes takes the smallest details in to account or has Watson puts it an extraordinary genius for minutiae. Holmes uses his observations to deduce his answer, often assuming the most logical explanation, but not expecting an entirely accurate answer. Morstan seems confident from the way Watson describes her, she has a firm step. She possibly had a wealthy upbringing, but has recently come in to financial trouble. She is dressed in perfect taste but her clothes suggested they were created with limited means. Her lip (trembles) as she meets with Holmes, showing she is nervous.  Holmes delights at the prospect of a challenge, he rubbed his hands and his eyes glistened, for it means he has something to tax his mind with. He takes note of everything, opening his notebook. Marston must have been deeply saddened choking sob, and she can recall every detail, such as the exact day of the disappearance third of December 1878. It appears that many people seek guidance from Homles, examples include the Frenchman, Watson, Marston and later Athelney Jones. Watson must feel affection for her, as he gives her a admirable description in the opening paragraph, and that he replied ferverently to her question. He confirms this by calling her an attractive woman after her departure. Holmes is indifferent to this, prompting Watson to call him inhuman sometimes, rearding his lack of emotion. Holmes tells Watson not to allow your judgement to be biased by personal qualities. Holmes appears to be more upbeat when his mind his taxed. Holmes speaks to Watson as a pupil. He asks him questions that he already knows the answer to. Holmes is almost a mentor to Watson. At the end of the paragraph, Watson tries to convert to Holmes pattern of thinking by calling Marston a unit.  Holmes suffers from severe mood swings, a mood which alternated with fits of the blackest depression this is probably caused by his drugs. Watson seems to do a lot for Holmes, he poured out (tea) for him, but Holmes does not seem to do much in reply, concerning house keeping. When it comes to detective matters, Watson never disagrees with Holmes, ever. Holmes is very confident in his ability, which links in with his egotism. However, he takes no chances, and took his revolver with him.  Marston must have been close to Papa as she has a pet name for him. Watson describes a very gloomy scene outside, the mud coloured clouds drooped sadly. While Marston and Watson are slightly affected by emotion, Holmes rises superior over something as petty as emotion. Watson and Marston seem like excited children compared to the unflappable Homles.  Watson has clearly been used to a wealthy lifestyle, he shows this in the scornful way he describes the third rate house. Holmes shows this same first classness about him when he describes the area as not very fashionable. Watson is very distrustful towards the bald headed man as he gives a very negative description of him and his home. The home is described as sordid and common. Thaddeus lives with quite luxurious and Oriental furnishings such as a hookah. Watson has become very defensive for Marstons sake, which could be taken as sign of his affection for her. Thaddeus seems to be a trusting man towards his close companions, but he opposes the police or rough crowds. He describes Bartholomew as more superior to him. He must also have had a very wealthy upbring as he speaks of having to pay a large sum to hush it up. Major Sholto seems to have been greedy and more concerned of damaging his reputation than anything else, even at the expense of his friend. While Thaddeus seems very apologetic, and in giving the pearls to Marston he attempts to apologise, Bartholomew appears to have inherited his fathers greediness, and was reluctant to give over the pearls. Thaddeus seems to be in awe of his brother, who used Holmes-like methods to find the treasure. Thaddeus seems to be able to rise above the temptation of the treasure, whilst the others, apart from Holmes, seem entranced by the thought.

Ending of the Demon Lover Research Paper Example

Ending of the Demon Lover Research Paper Example Ending of the Demon Lover Paper Ending of the Demon Lover Paper Her loud scream suddenly stops. The taxi is gone, the people, the place, the noise. She finds herself standing alone with all her belongings beside her. The fog made it hard to see. Police sirens are heard from a distance. She starts to get anxious, gets her things and walks quickly. The sirens get closer, owls and wolves are heard. She left her belongings behind an old tree and began to run. Thinking something might be happening, she hid for safety and caught her breath. She looks around, and notices one thing: she’s at the garden. Being there brought back multiple memories. Her love, she missed him terribly. Today would be their anniversary of 25 years. She thought about him leaving and her promise to let him go. She looked down at her hand, her marks appeared once again. Placing it over her chest, the way she laid it on his button and pushed hard enough for her to remember him just every time she looked at her hand. â€Å"I want you back† she whispered to herself. Crying, she lay on the ground as the sirens stop. The police officer stepped out of his car to confront the out-of-it Mrs. Drover. Kathleen Drover† says the police officer. â€Å"You are under arrest for a murder you have committed 25 years ago. † She lifted up her head, stands up and faces the police. â€Å"May I know what you are talking about, sir? He passed away in the war! † She shouts. â€Å"Ma’am, he went missing† The officer says. Kathleen looked at him and laughed. â€Å"He wrote me a letter today. † The officer hands her the letter, and asked â€Å"This letter? Mrs. Drover, this is your handwriting. † Kathleen is confused, speechless and could not believe a thing. â€Å"You even signed it with your own initial, ‘K’.  Your fiance’s name was Mark† She asked herself, and then out loud, â€Å"How did you find me here? † â€Å"Your husband told us you were going back home. We asked around, a taxi driver told us you had asked to be dropped off here. † Explained the police officer. It hits her; she realizes what she had done. She killed him. She felt her body getting cold as the gloomy night air, now feeling more regretful than alone. Kathleen Drover killed herself in prison. She could not accept the fact that she killed the love of her life. Her husband died of cancer, and their children were given for adoption.

Information About the Magic Mineral Shungite

Information About the Magic Mineral Shungite Shungite is a hard, lightweight, deep black stone with a magic reputation that is well exploited by crystal therapists and the mineral dealers who supply them. Geologists know it as a peculiar form of carbon produced by metamorphism of crude oil. Because it has no detectable molecular structure, shungite belongs among the mineraloids. It represents one of Earths very first oil deposits, from deep in Precambrian time. Where Shungite Comes From The lands around Lake Onega, in the western Russian republic of Karelia, are underlain by rocks of Paleoproterozoic age, approximately 2 billion years old. These include the metamorphosed remains of a great petroleum province, including both the oil shale source rocks and bodies of crude oil that migrated out of the shales. Evidently, once upon a time, there had been a large area of brackish-water lagoons near a chain of volcanoes: the lagoons bred enormous numbers of one-celled algae and the volcanoes produced fresh nutrients for the algae and sediment that quickly buried their remains. (A similar setting is what produced the abundant oil and gas deposits of California during Neogene time.) Later in time, these rocks were subjected to mild heat and pressure that rendered the oil into almost pure carbon- shungite. Properties of Shungite Shungite looks like especially hard asphalt (bitumen), but its classified as a pyrobitumen because it does not melt. It also resembles anthracite coal. My shungite sample has a semimetallic luster, a Mohs hardness of 4, and a well-developed conchoidal fracture. Roasted over a butane lighter, it bursts into splinters and emits a faint tarry odor, but it does not easily burn. There is a lot of misinformation circulating about shungite. It is true that the first natural occurrence of fullerenes was documented in shungite in 1992; however, this material is absent in most shungite and amounts to a few percent in the richest specimens. Shungite has been examined at the highest magnification and found to have only vague and rudimentary molecular structure. It has none of the crystallization of graphite (or, for that matter, of diamond). Uses for Shungite Shungite has long been considered a healthful substance in Russia, where since the 1700s its been used as a water purifier and disinfectant just as we use activated carbon today. This has given rise over the years to a host of overstated and poorly supported claims by mineral and crystal therapists; for a sample just do a search on the word shungite. Its electrical conductivity, typical of graphite and other forms of pure carbon, has led to a popular belief that shungite can counteract the supposed harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation from things like cell phones. A producer of bulk shungite, Carbon-Shungite Ltd., supplies industrial users for more prosaic purposes: steelmaking, water treatment, paint pigments and fillers in plastic and rubber. All of these purposes are substitutes for coke (metallurgical coal) and carbon black. The company also claims benefits in agriculture, which may be related to the intriguing properties of biochar. And it describes the use of shungite in electrically conductive concrete. Where Shungite Gets Its Name Shungite gets its name from the village of Shunga, on the shore of Lake Onega.

Selecting a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Selecting a Company - Essay Example Business, first and foremost, is a commercial, industrial or mercantile activity by a person(s) or company. E-business refers to carrying out the above-mentioned activities via the internet; that is, online. E-commerce, however, is a narrower term-only referring to buying and selling goods and services online. This report will amicably evaluate gains made from e-business and any information and communication technologies. In the research, I will target the Google Corporation based in California-USA. The challenges facing the electronic business, in a nutshell, will be outlined. According to business world statistics, most of financial valuation of e-business is attributed to transactions that involve one business and another (Hinton and Barnes, 2005). Efficiency and effectiveness in terms of reaching out to consumers globally, market changes and information dissemination has been realized by the firm. Secondly, business to consumer growth was achieved in the corporation (Hinton& Barnes, 2005). According to the European Commission, 98% of the firms in the USA with e-business or e-commerce in infrastructures in place made up 14% of business turnover (Hinton& Barnes, 2005). Time taken to do business transactions was reduced in the Google Corporation. Receipts, according to the study, were generated accurately within in time. This was time saving compared to earlier times when done manually. Information on Google website, according to study spreads faster. This made it impossible for smaller companies using print-based catalogs to compete in disseminating information. This gave the firm a competitive advantage in business. The prices, for example, of consumer prices are among the items posted on the web. Despite all these benefits that accrue to the use, e-business is not without challenges. High-tech crimes such cyber-crime, threaten to jeopardize the business life of corporations in the US (Hinton& Barnes,

Individualized Education Program for Children Suspected with Autism Essay - 1

Individualized Education Program for Children Suspected with Autism - Essay Example Language Sample Analysis – This is an informal assessment that seeks to gauge the level of mastery of communication. It is routinely conducted for both verbal (children that can speak and nonverbal children (unable to speak). The communication of a child is recorded either on a video camera or a tape recorder depending on whether a child can communicate verbally or objectives to be achieved. Analysis of the recorded material is thereafter done on the length of sentences, the use of grammar and communication functions for speaking children. In nonverbal students, the analysis is usually done on gestures and movements made by the children in their endeavour to communicate (Fouse, 1999). Play-based assessment – This assessment is appropriate for young children before they reach the age of six. Children suspected to have autism are usually observed in both structured and unstructured play situations where another person facilitates and dictates the proceedings. As such, it is quite helpful in providing information about a child’s level of development in relation to age, social-emotional, cognitive and language domains. For this assessment to be successful, it must be implemented by a multidisciplinary team that constitutes parents and other specialists. It is, therefore, a very important tool for checking the performance level of a child beside assessing other related services and performances (Fouse, 1999). Mother – Surveillance for ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) should be carried on the mother to ascertain some critical information to the diagnosis of ASD. This informal assessment usually starts with getting the history of a family for the determination of whether other family members had been diagnosed with ASD and especially a sibling of the affected child. This is important because research has shown that young siblings of children diagnosed with ASD are ten times more likely to be diagnosed with the same.

Romanticism and Classicism Essay Example for Free

Romanticism and Classicism Essay Both Romanticism and Classicism deal with a certain psychological truth – however, they use different techniques to show this truth, and, consequently, show different sides of a persons psychology. The Romanticists take a lyrical stance – they explore a persons emotions and subjectivity. Mostly, this is done in poetry, because poetry generally provides more creative leeway and is more metaphorical. Like any short form, it needs less consistency, but is allowed to focus more on emotion and whatnot. A poem can be created only to portray a feeling or a group of feelings. For instance, Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, even though its first-person perspective is only seen directly in two lines, the feeling of apocalyptic dread is spread throughout the whole poem, from the first lines ( Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; /Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, ) to the last ( And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,/Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? ). This poem is completely dedicated to showing a single aspect of emotion. It does not require development, but rather elaboration and metaphor, both of which Yeats provides plenty. Moreover, the rhythm and sound of the rhymed word itself is used often to convey an emotion. (Incidentally, Romanticist prose, which is not covered here, also uses these techniques much more than Classicist prose). See Yeats again: â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre† already creates a spinning sensation of something huge, the repetition of the us and is makes the line sound as if it were turning itself. The sounds and rhythm strengthen the feelings the words already evoke, in this case – that of the world turning in on itself – and when in the next line, â€Å"The falcon cannot hear the falconer;† we are faced with a relatively small bird, the illusion of a transition from microcosm to macrocosm is evoked. Portraying subjectivity is easiest to do from a first-person position, because it allows the poet and the reader both to get into the head and soul of the character. This is shown well in most Romantic poetry. For instance, Owens in his descriptions of war depicts the horrors from his own, first-person view, and attempts to make the reader sympathize by creating images that invite a certain empathy, in this case – a feeling of horror at things two people in dialog fear together. An especially powerful example is present in Dulce et Decorum Est (If in some smothering dreams you too could pace /Behind the wagon that we flung him in, /And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, /His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin;). It can be done from the third-person, however. This is generally done from selective omniscient, by showing things from a chosen characters viewpoint. Emotion can also be shown just by writing about the actions of the person, but this is generally used in the dramatical poetry, which is more common in the Classicists. Mostly, narrative is used for the Romantics when there is an actual need to show not just a feeling, but a transition from one emotion to the next. A real master of this is Joyce, who, while not precisely a Romanticist, knows the Romanticist technique well, and utilizes it to his own means. Joyce shows us a change in Gabriels behaviour. Specifically, he utilizes a very interesting technique: in the beginning, he does not give us any insight into Gabriels thought: when we first see Gabriel, he is just one of the characters. There are many others, who may be just as important – although the fact that everyone is waiting for Gabriel and his wife is a certain foreshadowing of the fact that ultimately he will be the main character, it is still far from certain at this point. (â€Å"O, Mr Conroy, said Lily to Gabriel when she opened the door for him, Miss Kate and Miss Julia thought you were never coming. †). As the story progresses, however, we gain gradual insight into Gabriels thoughts as they become more and more mixed in with his deeds, and by the end of it, we are completely in Gabriels mind (â€Å" It hardly pained him now to think how poor a part he, her husband, had played in her life. †) Any outside factor is a symbol for the Romanticists, a tool for self-identification. The difference between them and the Classicists in this case is that for any Classicist the outside world with its obstacles is objective – even when a hero acts or reacts, they are working in an environment. For a Romanticist, environment is optional. In fact, most of them prefer to relate directly to matters such as life and death, to notions which would be deemed abstract, and many avoid the situations in which we face these notions in life. This is well-seen in Tennysons â€Å"In Memoriam†: â€Å"I held it truth, with him who sings /To one clear harp in divers tones, /That men may rise on stepping-stones /Of their dead selves to higher things. † How precisely this stepping is done, Tennyson does not show. But it is these symbolic transitions, the way a human being relates with eternity, that make up the real life of a human being. The situations one faces in life are mere shadows of this real, symbolic life. This is why when the Romanticists use colorful metaphors, and another great lot of textual technique in an attempt to transfer to the reader what can only be felt, to incite an emotional state, this is not only to evoke a feeling – feelings are the meat and drink of life, like actions are to the Classicist. It is this sensual experience that is real, and a transition in feeling, its ennoblement is seen as a more valuable – a more ontologically real, if you will – change than any actions that change ones material status. For an example, let us turn to Yeats once more, and how he describes this spiritual transmutation upon his death, in â€Å"Sailing to Bysantium†: â€Å"Once out of nature I shall never take/My bodily form from any natural thing,/But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make/Of hammered gold and gold enamelling†. In essence, Romanticism submerges us in the characters subjective viewpoint, and attempts to make us believe the characters actions by placing us in the characters place. They externalize the characters feelings by projecting them unto our own. For instance, Coleridge in his â€Å"Kubla Khan†, gives an image and a feeling which it evokes in his lyrical hero, and attempts to reproduce that same relationship within the readers own soul: â€Å"A damsel with a dulcimer In a vision once I saw :/It was an Abyssinian maid,/And on her dulcimer she played,/Singing of Mount Abora. Could I revive within me/Her symphony and song,/To such a deep delight twould win me,† The Classicists attempt to portray objective reality as far as they are able – be it by directly addressing real-world issues, or by exploring them through story-telling. A direct discussion on a real problem is shown in Mills essay, where the narrator steps as much away from any personal arguments as possible, and attempts to appeal only to objective facts, and even if his own experience is used, it it always as de-personalized as possible. Nearly any quote from his essay is demonstrative. â€Å"The generality of a practice is in some cases a strong presumption that it is, or at all events once was, conducive to laudable ends. This is the case, when the practice was first adopted, or afterwards kept up, as a means to such ends, and was grounded on experience of the mode in which they could be most effectually attained. † As we can see, he speaks in the third person as much as humanly possible, making general observations about the nature of humanity and society. The Classicists who work in fiction generally work in the narrative, because it is easier to portray outside factors from the neutral point of view of a narrator, rather than from the subjectivity of one character. The preferred mode is pure omniscient. We can see this if we return to Joyce, who in the beginning uses a fully omniscient mode , to show us a multitude of people and detail, to give us a panoramic view and a feeling of objectivity before he begins to focus on the internal evolution of Gabriel. â€Å"Lily, the caretakers daughter, was literally run off her feet. Hardly had she brought one gentleman into the little pantry behind the office on the ground floor and helped him off with his overcoat, than the wheezy hall-door bell clanged again and she had to scamper along the bare hallway to let in another guest. †) Joyce uses this technique to set the stage, to give the mood in which the transformation happens. I believe (though I am not sure whether this is the view your professor has on the subject) that the difference between Joyces story and the â€Å"classic† Classicists is that for him the objective world is neither a place to act in nor a tool of transformation: it is just a backdrop, a setting in which interaction occurs. However, selective omniscient can be used, as well – as long as one gives enough detail that the character notices, but does not classify as important, while, in truth, they play out their part, and a reader – always from his birds eye view – can notice this. A good example is Mansfields â€Å"The Garden†, which utilizes a selective omniscient point of view. Mansfield uses both details that are general, that create the mood both for the character and the reader, (â€Å" That really was extravagant, for the little cottages were in a lane to themselves at the very bottom of a steep rise that led up to the house. A broad road ran between. True, they were far too near. They were the greatest possible eyesore, and they had no right to be in that neighbourhood at all. †), and those that are exlusively thoughts of Laura (â€Å"Is mother right? he thought. And now she hoped her mother was right. Am I being extravagant? †) Some of Mansfields most interesting technique is how she shows the transition of moods through the difference in details Laura notices. Compare the beginning of the story (â€Å"Then the karaka-trees would be hidden. And they were so lovely, with their broad, gleaming leaves, and their clusters of yellow fruit. They were like trees you imagined growing on a desert island, proud, solitary, lifting their leaves and fruits to the sun in a kind of silent splendour. ) and near the end of the story, when she learns about the death (â€Å"Now the broad road was crossed. The lane began, smoky and dark. Women in shawls and mens tweed caps hurried by. Men hung over the palings; the children played in the doorways. A low hum came from the mean little cottages. †) It is still a beautiful sunny day, however, Laura is in no shape to notice it. This is the kind of subjectivity that is allowed in Classicist literature: a subjectivity that is a reaction to the objective world. Classicism is versatile enough to allow it, but it never allows this subjectivity to take completely first place. At best, like in Mansfields works, it has an almost equal role to objective actions. Classicism can even work from completely a first-persons view, as Virginia Woolf shows. But here it is emphasized that the author is subjective but trying to transcend this subjectivity: even in the first person, she attempts to step out of conventional social roles – even those she takes on herself and look at things rationally and reasonably, and, possibly, with irony. It is a curious fact that novelists have a way of making us believe that luncheon parties are invariably memorable for something very witty that was said, or for something very wise that was done. But they seldom spare a word for what was eaten. † Woolf takes many liberties with her texts, and experiments often with styles and conventions – such as the listing of various foods, or the ironic descriptions of conversations, or unconventional views on known topics. Like a philosopher, she brings to attention things that are rarely noticed (â€Å"Have you any notion of how many books are written about women in the course of one year? Have you any notion how many are written by men? Are you aware that you are, perhaps, the most discussed animal in the universe? †). But all of these are things that exist in the real world. You will find few abstractions in her works, and even those have a grounding in some sensual experience that she has. She is very skeptical indeed of any matter of pure spirit, indeed, she does not believe in them in the common sense of the word. (â€Å"One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well. The lamp in the spine does not light on beef and prunes. We are all probably  going to heaven, and Vandyck is, we hope, to meet us round the next corner—that is the dubious and qualifying state of mind that beef and prunes at the end of the day’s work breed between them†) This is what attempted objectivity from the first person looks like. Mixed modes work well, too. Conrads â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a great example of this: he often gives descriptions which could be both from the third person and the first person (â€Å"The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails ), and even those he gives explicitly from the first person are always shown as attempting to step away from direct emotional perception, such as in the scene where the hero thinks about the reason why the savages are cannibals. (â€Å"I would no doubt have been properly horrified, had it not occurred to me that he and his chaps must be very hungry: that they must have been growing increasingly hungry for at lea st this month past. †) This is very typical of Classicism, to look for outside solutions to ones feelings, and, instead of feeling something directly, to attempt to reach feeling throughout experience and logical thought. A Classicist cannot emphasize directly; Conrad could not have written something like, â€Å"I saw the hunger in his eyes and realized with a sharp jab of the conscience that, had I been so hungry, I would have been no different. † A Classicist will only portray the internal logic of his heroes, he cannot attempt to have them experience something they did not, even in the imagination. They remain captured by their own lives. What is important about Classicism is that it is almost always in prose. There are, of course, exceptions to this rule, such as Browning, but they are few and far between. Poetry adds an extra, undesirable dimension to a text. It is the dimension of subconscious influence – by the sound of the words, by the rhythm. Classicism, of course, cannot step completely away from using techniques that influence not so much by meaning, as by style – so long as the work is a work of literature – but they do their best not to emphasize on the technical style of things. Even if they use technique, it is as simple as possible. The Classicists wish the text to be transparent, as opposed to the many colors of Romanticism. Conrad is, once again, a good example here: his descriptions are dynamic, yet very simple: â€Å"One evening as I was lying flat on the deck of my steamboat, I heard voices approachingand there were the nephew and the uncle strolling along the bank. † Complete contrast to the falling and raising of the Romantic worlds, Classicism uses Occams Razor as much as possible. Classicism likes to use a dramatic stance: it generally does not tell us about what the person is feeling, but rather attempts to allow us to see for ourselves from the persons actions. For instance, Browning in his poetry – a rare example of a dramatic approach in it – does not give us feelings directly. Instead, he gives us actions and thoughts related to those actions, not self-reflection: like when he writes about the painter Fra Filippo Lippi (Or Lippo Lippi, as he calls his hero))(â€Å"/Zooks, whats to blame? you think you see a monk! What, tis past midnight, and you go the rounds,/And here you catch me at an alleys end/Where sportive ladies leave their doors ajar? †) This says more about the character of the frater than any self-reflection upon the nature of necessity to go out at night would have. For the Classicists, it is an emphasis on that only the deeds of a person are actually real, and the thoughts essentially matter only as stimuli towards action . This is an externalization of the characters psychology by projecting it upon the world.

Free Essays - Boys to Men in The Red Badge of Courage :: The Red Badge of Courage

Boys to Men in Red Badge of Courage      The Civil War took more American lives than any other war in history.   It divided the people of the United States, so that in many families brother fought brother.   The four years of bloodshed left a legacy of grief and bitterness that remains in part even today.   The war started on April twelfth, 1861 in Charleston, South Carolina.   It ended four years later on April ninth, 1865.   Many people call this tragic conflict the War Between the States, the War of the Rebellion, the War of the Secession, or the War for southern Independence.   But regardless of what it is called, the war was a great turning point in American history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is so interesting about Crane's Red Badge of Courage?   I found out that war turns boys into mature men, the real dialect and slang used during the war, and what it's like to be a soldier in the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The whole novel covers only two days in the life of Henry Flemming, the main character.   In that amount of time, war can turn a boy into a man.   It does not physically turn an individual into a grown man, but it mentally matures them.   War matures boys into a men is by experiencing new, unpredictable environments and adjusting to unfamiliar smells, sounds, and emotions.   Think about it, being there on a battlefield witnessing deaths of friends and comrades would have to have an effect on a human being.   Being in a war and to be around new faces, new personalities, confusion, and trauma would force one to adapt to an environment faster than you usually would.   Just imagine leaving your country home and entering a new and frightening world on a battlefield.   What can make one a hero or a coward?   Fears, emotions, thoughts, and feelings can be the factors that contribute towards the struggle.   As I read this novel I lived not only Henry's actions, but also his individual thoughts and feelings.There was shootin' here an' shootin' there, an' hollerin' here and hollerin' there, in th' damn darkness, until I couldn't tell t' save m' soul which side I was on (p.136, Crane).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By utilizing the soldiers talking in a dialect that was common during the war and using slang to represent certain words reflected the authors' emphasis on realism and descriptiveness.

Vietnam’s Inflation

Vietnam's government is set to raise electricity prices by 15% on Tuesday, at a time when the population is already struggling with a soaring cost of living. Last week the Vietnamese government also raised the retail prices of oil products by as much as 24%. In February, inflation hit a two-year high of 12. 31%. Analysts say despite the government's measures to tighten monetary policy, price pressures are likely to continue. â€Å"The increases in energy, electricity and petroleum indicate that we are going to see inflation get a little worse despite the shift in government policy,† said Christian de Guzman of Moody's Investor Group. Overheating For years the Vietnamese government has kept a loose interest rate policy and subsidized lending in order to boost growth. The government expects the economy to expand as much as 7. 5%, up from 6. 8% in 2010. But the cost of that rapid pace is that the economy has started to show signs of overheating. Credit rating agencies cut the country's sovereign-credit rating last year. Inflation fears have also caused a sell-off in Vietnamese markets. Vietnam's benchmark stock index has slid 6. 7% in the past year. The Vietnamese government was focused on growth at all costs,† said Mr de Guzman. â€Å"By the middle of last year they had already reached their inflation target but then they continued to pursue other macroeconomic policy targets like credit growth and gross domestic product growth,† he said. Fighting inflation But since the beginning of this year, the government seems to have shifted its policies towards stabilizing prices. Last week the Vietnamese govern ment announced a set of measures to curb inflation. Electricity prices have been raised in an effort to reduce budget spending The central bank recently raised the cost of borrowing. It increased the benchmark refinance rate by 2 percentage points from 9% to 11%. The government has also vowed to reduce government debt. To that effect, it cut the budget-deficit target to less than 5% of gross domestic product, from 5. 3%. Reducing government spending on subsidies for fuel and electricity are also part of that plan. â€Å"In order to stave off inflation, they want to cut back on subsidies. It does alleviate some of the pressure on the budget,† said Mr de Guzman. Dong devaluation The other major strain on the Vietnamese economy is the currency. The central bank devalued the dong against the US dollar by 8. 5%. It is the latest in a series of devaluations the government has implemented to reduce the risk of a shortfall in foreign currency reserves. However, that will lead to higher import costs, which in turn, could again increase inflationary pressures.

Dorian Grey’s Desire for Youth Essay

Throughout The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray struggles with the desire to stay forever young. Because of all the hardships he experiences throughout his life in order to achieve this he loses his innocence along the way and eventually all of what he has done catches up to him and leads to his suicide. To him, youth is the only thing that has any importance and he does all that he can in order to maintain youthful without understand the repercussions of his actions until it is too late. One scene that clearly displays Dorian’s decision to choose beauty over his innocence is when Dorian brings his friend Basil to the room where he keeps his portrait. He shows Basil the portrait and how hideous it has become despite Dorian’s unchanged appearance. Basil then realizes that the painting was a work of his own and then he asks how it has become that way. Dorian explains that gave up his soul for eternal beauty. Basil then tries to convince Dorian to pray for forgiveness because he believes that the painting is an awful lesson but Dorian claims it is too late. Once Dorian looks at what has become of him in the portrait, he grabs a knife and stabs his friend to death. The next day he is still bitter about how Basil reacted to his portrait; the lack of remorse clearly shows that he has no innocence left to him. This shows that Dorian is relentless by trying to stay young forever because it shows that he favors his appearance more than his friends. Basil was the man that gave the painting life, and in the end it brought his own life to an end because Dorian became obsessed with it. His innocence was lost with this act, and he just continues on with his life as if it was nothing. He becomes a changed man, and not for the better. Another scene in which Dorian loses his innocence by choosing beauty is when Dorian goes to see his fiancà © perform and notices how bad she is that night. When he confronts her about it she claims she no longer can connect to the roles she plays because their feelings of love are nowhere close to those of hers towards Dorian. Once she says that she is quitting acting Dorian is horrified and realizes that he only loved for the beauty she portrayed on stage and not for her herself. He breaks off the relationship with her and  tells her he never wants to see her again; she ends up killing herself that night before Dorian can apologize the next morning. At the moment of confrontation, Dorian easily chose beauty over the innocence of true love. Again, it is apparent that his of total lack of regard towards the consequences of his actions. Yes, he did realize that what he did was wrong because of the smirk that developed on his portrait, but it was only after it was too late. Lord Henry once said to Dorian that, â€Å"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist it and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful.† (Wilde 21). This quote relates back to the main theme of the loss of innocence due to the desire of beauty because what Lord Henry meant by this quote is that he suggests that even Dorian’s pure, innocent young life is secretly full of hidden, shameful desires. Basically, he implied that regardless of the innocent face Dorian has, he lost his innocence long ago. The loss of innocence due to the desire of beauty is deeply intertwined throughout Dorian’s endeavors. This is supported by many details and scenes that Oscar Wilde describes. It is agreed that this book is about the power of beauty and how innocence is given up when someone favors beauty over it. Some may even argue that Dorian Gray lost his innocence even before the portrait because at the beginning, he was somewhat manipulative and went through life just for the experiences. This point of view is easily agreed up by this simple quote; â€Å"How sad it is! I shall grow old, and horrible, and dreadful. But this picture will remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June†¦ If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that-for that-I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that!† (Wilde 29)

Portrayal of Satan in Movies essays

Portrayal of Satan in Movies essays When we think of the portrayal of Lucifer in the different texts, films, and religions, there are many things that are common traits. Using two different sources, the movies End of Days (1999, directed by Peter Hyams) and Devil's Advocate (1997, directed by Taylor Hackford), I will compare them to the Bible to show the ways that Lucifer (or the more commonly known as Satan) is portrayed, both visually and behaviourally. The first thing that needs to be explored is the way Lucifer is portrayed visually within these two references. The first, both chronologically and by importance would be the Bible. Originally, in the Garden of Eden Lucifer is portrayed a serpent with legs. Nowhere in the Bible does it come right out and say that the serpent in the garden was actually Lucifer, but it is heavily implied throughout the book that it was him. After the serpent convinces Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit, God says, So the LORD God said to the serpent, Because you have done this, Cursed are you above all the livestock and all the wild animals! You will crawl on your belly and you will eat dust all the days of your life (Genesis 3:14). This is the first time Lucifer (or at least what everyone is convinced is Lucifer) is portrayed with a visual reference in the bible. All throughout the bible, Lucifer is given a serpent like appearance, as in Revelations 20:2, And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years (Revelations 20:2). In the movie End of Days, you don't see Lucifer portrayed right off, you merely hear his voice saying, Behold the thousand years has ended, and you have failed. However, before Lucifer is even portrayed in the movie, there is a reference to the serpent form. A child that he is destined to become betrothed is born and is taken down where a snake is sliced open and some of its blood fed to her. Later in the...

SAT Test Dates 2016 - 2017

SAT Test Dates 2016 - 2017 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're looking for SAT test dates for 2016-17, look no further! The 2016-17 SAT testing year marks the first full year of theredesigned SAT, which shifted the scoring scale from2400 to 1600 and introduced a combined Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score. Continue reading to get info onallofficial 2016-17 SAT test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates. We also offer tons oftips on how to find the best SAT test date for you! SAT Test Dates 2016-2017 The SAT testing year follows the school year, running from the end of summer (August) to the beginning of summer (June). The exam isadministered seven times a year (six internationally) on Saturdays; however,those withreligious or other exemptions may requestalternate test dates.All SAT test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for 2016-17 have been officially confirmed by the College Board. SAT Test Dates 2016-17 (U.S.) Test Date Normal Deadline Late Registration* Online Score Release October 1, 2016 September 1, 2016 Sept 20, 2016 October 27, 2016 November 5, 2016 October 7, 2016 October 25, 2016 November 29, 2016 December 3, 2016 November 3, 2016 November 22, 2016 December 22, 2016 January 21, 2017 December 21, 2016 January 10, 2017 February 23, 2017 March 11, 2017** February 10, 2017 February 28, 2017 April 13, 2017 May 6, 2017 April 7, 2017 April 25, 2017 June 8, 2017 June 3, 2017 May 9, 2017 May 24, 2017 July 12, 2017 *The late registration deadline is one week earlier if you are registering by mail. **Regular SAT only. SAT Test Dates 2016-17 (International) Test Date Registration Deadline Online Score Release October 1, 2016 September 1, 2016 October 27, 2016 November 5, 2016 October 7, 2016 November 29, 2016 December 3, 2016 November 3, 2016 December 22, 2016 January 21, 2017 December 21, 2016 February 23, 2017 May 6, 2017 April 7, 2017 June 8, 2017 June 3, 2017* May 9, 2017 July 12, 2017 *SAT Subject Tests only. As you can see from the tables, there are moreSAT test dates inautumn than there are in spring. The College Board staggers the dates like thisto align with college application deadlines. Theseautumn dates essentially offer seniors last-minute opportunities to improve their SAT scores before applying tocollege. The 2016-17 testing year also marked the final year with aJanuary test date.Starting in 2017, an earlier August test date will replaced the January test date. This August test date will not be available internationally. From 2018 onward, however, the March test date will be offered outside the U.S. toadminister the regular SAT (noSAT Subject Tests). Warning: SAT Test Dates May ChangeSign up to Receive Free Updates // Choosing anSAT Test Date: 4 Questions to Ask Yourself Deciding on an SAT test date isn’t easy. But by asking yourself the following four questions, you’ll be able to select the best SAT test date for you in no time! #1: When Are Your College Applications Due? More important than anything else, you should knowexactly when your college application deadlines are - and should therefore choose an SAT test date that'll for sure get your scores to your schools in time. Most regular decision deadlines are around January 1, and most early actiondeadlines areNovember 1 or 15. The College Board sendsout students’ free score reportsto schoolsabout three to five weeks after each test date. (Exactly how many weeks this will take depends on the test date. Refer to the â€Å"Online Score Release† columns in the tables above for more info.) Unfortunately, not all schools process SAT scores immediately upon receiving them. In fact, some schools can takea week to process scores. This means you may have to waitsix or more weeks until your SAT scores are accepted and processed by your schools. And if you'll be ordering additional scorereports, you can expect an even longer waiting periodofaroundseven or eight weeks.Therefore, it's critical you choose an SAT test date well before your deadlines! To help you decide on a test date, we've created an extensive table ofcollege application deadlines (includinglate application deadlines). Thelatest recommended SAT test dates should have little to no trouble getting your scores to your schools in time, whereas the latest possible dates pose a far greater risk ofdelivering your scores late. Remember, if yourschool doesn't receive or process your SAT scores by itsdeadline, your application could bedisqualified, so plan accordingly! College App Deadline Latest Recommended SAT Date Latest Possible SAT Date* October 15 August August November 1 August October November 15 October October November 30 October November December 1 October November December 15 November November January 1 November December January 10-15 December December February 1 December December February 15 December December March 1 December December March 15 December December April 1 December March April 15 December March May 1 March March May 15 March March June 1 March May June 15 March May July 1 May June July 15 May June August 1 June June August 15 June June September 1 June June *These test dates may or may not get your scores to your schools in time, so take caution! #2: Will You Retake the SAT? Another important question to ask yourself iswhether you'll want to retake the SAT should you fail to hit your goal score. Generally, we recommendtaking the SAT two or three times in total: First, as a junior during your fall semester. Second, as a junior during your spring semester. Third, as a senior directly prior to or during your fall semester. If you didn’t take the SAT for the first time in the fall of your junior year, that's OK- just take it as soon as you can, preferably in the early spring. Even in this case, you should still have plenty of time to take the SAT once or twice more, either in the summer (remember, there’s anew August test date!) or in the fall of your senior year. Also, try toavoid scheduling back-to-back test dates. Doing this will only tire you out in the end, as you'll lack sufficient study time in-between tests. I suggest spacing out your test-taking scheduleso you're not taking the SAT more than once a semester. #3: How Long Will You Prep For? Before choosing an SAT test date,calculate how much time you’ll need to studyin order to hit your goal score. A solid SAT study schedule generally laststhree to six monthsand ranges from10 to 150 total study hours, depending on the number of points by which you want to improve yourbaseline score. (A baseline score is the score you get on anofficial SAT practice test before beginningany SAT prep.) Below are our estimates for the number of prep hours required to make the following total point improvements on the SAT: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ As you can see, smaller point improvements require significantly fewer study hours than larger point improvements. But how you allocate these hours is up to you. For example, ifyou’ve got three months before test dayand want to improve by 100 points (40 study hours), you could study for a half hour every dayor for three and a half hours every weekend. Ultimately,you decide how to arrange your study schedule- justtry not towear yourself out! #4: Are There Any Conflicts You’ll Need to Work Around? Finally, don't choosean SAT date that'll conflict with any major commitments you have. Take time to ask yourself: do you have any plans you absolutely can't reschedule? Are you currently preparing for a school play or a sports tournament?When are yourAP exams? Be sure you consider the time leading up to a test date and not just the test date itself.Ideally, you'll haveplenty of time to prep for the SAT in the months leading up to it, so look for datesthat aren't surrounded by tons of activities and events. Remember, overwhelming yourself is the last thing you should be doing before the SAT! What's Next? Curious about SAT test dates for other years?We've got articles onSAT test dates for 2015-2016 andprevious years and the current year. We also offer a handy guide tofuture SAT test dates with projections for the next three years! Once you've decided on an SAT test date, your next step is to register for it! Read our comprehensive guideto learn how to sign up for a test date, select a test center, and pay for the exam. Ready to get your best SAT score ever? Read the pros and cons of possible prep methodsinour free ebook. And if you're aiming for a perfect score, our resident SAT expert will teachyou everything you need to know, so you, too, can achieve a 1600 on test day! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. 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Identify Gaps or Weaknesses of the Research or Outcomes Essay

Identify Gaps or Weaknesses of the Research or Outcomes - Essay Example Weaknesses refer to the quality of lacking strength or firmness. It refers to a state of having defective or inadequate character. The researcher finds Corporate Social Responsibility as an area of major concern in the society. All people and the government should emphasize on it since it addresses many issues affecting the diverse community. Research shows that there is numerous violations to CSR and the government should undertake measures to curb it. Description of research is unfocused and thus inefficient in describing the purpose of research There are many people who question the validity and authenticity of Corporate Social Responsibility since there is evidence of contradiction between what corporations do and say. This makes the description of the research appear as unfocussed or inefficient in describing its purpose. Despite that companies adhere to the rules governing Corporate Social Responsibility, impunities persist. These include the global economic crisis and other et hical issues involving pharmaceutical companies, child labour, and sweatshops. People, therefore, do not realize the relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the society since impunity and corporate abuses is increasing (Westhuizen and Maree, 2009). The hypothesis is doubtful, ill-defined, and unsound as the evidence is insufficient The research does not give comprehensive analysis of a wide range of information to assess the credibility of the information. To determine whether Corporate Social Responsibility is still significant, it carries out a documentary analysis of some articles only. The research should not rely on documentary analysis of articles only but should gather information from different sources. It should gather information from websites, journals, newspapers, research, and other documentaries that will enhance the credibility of the information. This will ensure that the research is thoroughly reliable and appropriate for decision making since it is credible . The research is inconsistent in defining Corporate Social Responsibility and gives various definitions that differ. This is an indication that the research is doubtful, unsound, insufficient or ill-defined since it has inconsistencies that should not exist. This definition makes it ambiguous to decision makers and deters them from assess the impacts of its each dimension to the company (Narayan, 2002). There are various ways that the researchers should design their method of research to overcome the weaknesses or plug the gaps. One of the major ways of achieving this role is by providing sound and sufficient evidence. The researchers should gather information for or against Corporate Social Responsibility from many different sources to avoid ambiguity. They have only relied on a few documentary articles. They do not provide sufficient information that one needs to make a viable conclusion about Corporate Social Responsibility. For a paper to have credibility of information, it sho uld ensure that it should gather information from different sources at different periods (Hoque, 2006). The fact that people question the validity and authenticity of Corporate Social Responsibility makes the description of the paper appear as unfocussed. Companies claim to follow the Corporate Social Responsibility rules, yet impunity is at the highest marked by various ethical problems in the society like child labour. This is an indi

Literature Review for Concept Analysis Dissertation

Literature Review for Concept Analysis - Dissertation Example This is the premise in which exercise became an inevitable element for sustaining a healthy life. The changes that happened in the society were also reflected in the psychological and moral realm of lives as well. Thoughts about rights and power also emerged out of leisure and the question that who are the owners of leisure, and who commands it, arose. Though Oxford Dictionaries Online has offered several definitions for the term, ‘exercise’, I will explore the following two definitions in this concept analysis, a) â€Å"activity requiring physical effort, carried out especially to sustain or improve health and fitness,† †¦[and b)]†¦ â€Å"the use or application of a faculty, right, or process† (Oxford Dictionaries Online, 2010). The first definition stresses the meaning of exercise as a physical activity while, the second one views exercise as the fulfillment of a duty and as the claiming of a right. Taking these two definitions are taken as the yardsticks to understand the importance of education, this analysis envisages to find out how exercise attains a valuable place in the three areas of knowledge, namely, theology, psychology, and nursing. Exercise in theology In a democratic society, an individual has several rights and powers, the exercise of which is supposed to be the foundation of the democratic system itself. Whenever the exercise of any such right or power is denied, the foundations of democracy feel threatened. And this is why the people of many nations around the globe had to fight prolonged battles to be able to exercise these powers and rights. For example, in America, the people felt that â€Å"the right to vote was denied for so long to so many that we cannot afford to ignore any impediment to its exercise† (Grey, 2005). In the theological realm also, there are a set of such rights and powers, which follow the democratic rights but also give rise to many contentious issues as well. For example, Pos t (1995) has observed that â€Å"free exercise is justifiably overridden to promote public health- for example, medical treatment is required to minimize the spread of contagious disease or to benefit minors, even if religious belief is offended† (p.22). Though Post (1995) has reminded, â€Å"the free exercise clause of the First Amendment is central to American public life,† from a nurse’s point of view, situations may arise when a patient wants to exercise his/her right to refuse treatment and the nurse and the system in which he/she works are compelled to use authority and power to prevent that (p. 22). This is particularly important because, just as any other freedom, the freedom to exercise one’s religion also has limits and can be overridden if public health is at risk of being jeopardized (Post, 1995). Taking into consideration these two opposite yet justifiable positions, nurses have to be aware that a patient has the right to refuse or seek treat ment based on their religion and when the right to this free exercise is dishonored, it should be examined and justified. Post (1995) has discussed a legal case in which religion, law, and medicine clash. The article is based on the true story of Baby K, a baby born with anencephaly. The mother, who believes in the sanctity-of-life principle, wants Baby K kept on a ventilator; because of her faith, she believes that a person’

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Report - Essay Example After World War II Nestlà © saw a boom period and since then it grew at a faster pace leaving behind all the competitors of the market. Nestlà © is also listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange. It is also ranked at the number 1 position in the Fortune 500 companies in 2011. Nestlà © is serving over 150 countries at this time with almost 461 factories or operations in 83 countries. With the help of these facts and figures we can imagine the huge network of Nestlà ©. The basic key factor behind the foundation of Nestlà © Company was the research to find out the alternative for the infants whom mothers cannot feed. This was an intense social thinking and thus we can say that from its origin Nestlà © Company is aimed to work for the people and not for gaining profits. Nestlà © have taken many steps in the social concerns. They always try to satisfy their customer base not only with their products but also with the communication skills. Through this way they give value to the potential customers. Customer and supplier relationship management is an important tool to create a good company name. Nestlà © has always differentiated itself as the company focusing on the people who are very much health and nutrition conscious (Raza 2013). As per recent information, Nestlà © has announced to expand its research and development centre in Singapore. The primary focus of this R & D centre will be health and nutrition. The Nestlà © team also says that th e core aim of their company’s presence is to enhance the quality of people’s lives every day. This is also shown If we consider the world wide operations then there are almost 8000 brands which have been offered by Nestlà ©. As a result they have captured a huge market share and thus achieve success as compare to many other competitive firms. According to a news report Nestlà © is such a biggest company in the food industry that its financial results can predict the

Phase Interpolator Pll In Simulink Computer Science Essay

Phase Interpolator Pll In Simulink Computer Science Essay Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) is a negative feedback system that matches the output frequency to the input frequency. Many applications utilize PLLs such as: frequency synthesizers, skew cancellation, reference clean-up, and clock-data recovery [1]. For frequency synthesizers, the goal is to generate a clock at a higher speed to that of a slower reference clock. For example, generating a 1 GHz signal from a 100 MHz reference signal. This is a common goal for many optical applications. For example, current work performed by AOSense, a leading research and development company in atomic-level sensing requires clock frequencies well into the hundreds of megahertz and even into the gigahertz range. For this reasons, PLLs, such as the HMC698LP5 from Hittite Microwave are commonly used in their designs. standard pll design A basic PLL consist of four main building blocks; Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), Charge Pump (CP), Low Pass Filter (LPF), and Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). Figure 1 is a block diagram of a basic PLL. http://madfeekree.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/basic-pll-block1.png?w=614 Figure 1. Basic PLL Block Diagram [2] The PFD detects any differences in phase and frequency of the reference and feedback signals and generates an appropriate Up or Down signal. These signals are then passed to the CP, in which, the CP sources current into the loop filter (Up signals) or sinks current from the loop filter (Down signals). The LPF converts the signal into an analog voltage for the VCO, in which the VCO outputs a clock at either a higher faster or slower frequency based on the UP DOWN signals generated by the PD. This process is repeated until the output frequency of the VCO properly matches that of the reference frequency. These blocks were constructed and simulated in MATLAB R2112a Simulink. A. Phase Frequency Detector As previously stated, PFD are devices that measures the difference between the reference and feedback clocks. There are two commonly used phase detectors: linear and binary. A linear phase detectors output is a pulse signal with a varying width. When the feedback signal is severely out of phase with the reference signal, the pulse width is larger compared to when the two signals are close to being similar. In contrast, a binary (bang-bang) phase detectors output is a fixed pulse width. This binary output signifies if the feedback signal arrived early or late compared to the reference signal. In this design, a modified version of a linear phase frequency detector was implemented in Simulink, as depicted in figure 2. This PFD generates a logic high for the UP signal when the feedback signals rising edge arrives ahead of the reference signals rising edge for the length of the difference. Similarly, when the feedback singals rising edge arrives after the reference signals rising edge, a logic high is given for the DOWN signal for the duration of the difference. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 2 PFD.png Figure 2. Phase Frequency Detector Model Applying a test signal to both the reference and variable (feedback) inputs and adjusting the feedback signal with some delay, demonstrates the proper functionality of the PFD. This is illustrated in figure 3. The plot is as given from the top down: UP, DOWN, Reference, and Variable CLK. The UP and DOWN signals are then fed to the charge pump, which directs the loop filter to increase or decrease in voltage, signifying an increase or decrease of the VCO output signal. But first, a discussion on the charge pump and its modelling is in order. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 3 PFD Test.pngFigure 3. PFD Test Results B. Charge Pump The charge pump block in figure 1 is designed to convert the UP and DOWN signals into current for the loop filter. When the UP signal is logic high, the charge pump will source current to the loop filter and when the DOWN signal is logic high, the charge pump will since current from the loop filter. A circuit representation of a charge pump is given in figure 4 below. From this representation, several key design challenges are noticed. Such as proper current matching from both I1 and I2, parasitic capacitance from the two current sources, and leakage current into and out of the loop filter. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 4 CP.png Figure 4. Charge Pump Circuit A Simulink model of a charge pump is given in figure 5. Notice how the DOWN signal is subtracted from the UP signal and then fed into a gain of 0.001. This gain value represents the current of the two current sources. The delay representsrepresents the current of the two current sources. The delay represents the capacitor, Cp, in figure 4. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 5 CP Block.png Figure 5. Charge Pump Model Simulating the charge pump model should show a slowly increasing value as long as the UP signal is high more often than the DOWN signal. Figure 6 below shows such a scenario as the CP_Out signal slowly ramps up. This signifies that the VCO will speed up to force the reference signal to catch up to the data signal. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 6 CP Test.png Figure 6. CP Test Results C. Loop Filter A loop filter is an entirely passive component device and consist of two capacitors and a resistors as illustrated in figure 7. The loop filter has two branches, the integral path and the proportional path. The integral path is the C2 branch, while the proportional path is the C1 and R branch. As the name implies, the loop filter filters high frequency noise spurs caused by sampling, but this also adds a pole at 1/RC2 [1]. A resistor in the loop filter provides an isolation phase correction from frequency correction. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 7 Loop Filter Circuit.png Figure 7. Loop Filter Circuit A simulink model of a loop filter is given in figure 8 below. The input to the loop filter is connected to the output of the charge pump. The purpose of the loop filter is to take a current and convert it into a voltage, called the control voltage of the VCO. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 8 Loop Filter Block.png Figure 8. Loop Filter Model Simulating the loop filter in Simulink gave the plot in figure 9. Re-examining this figure, there may be a an error in the loop filters output as its a sawtooth waveform. This will be compared to the VCO output plot for proper functionality in the next section. Figure 9. Loop Filter Test Results D. VCO The final block in figure 1 is the VCO block. Theres a slight modification to the VCO block compared to that in figure 1 due to the future use of phase interpolation. Due to this, a phase generator block was required. This phase generator block is given in figure 10. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 10 Phase Generator Block.png Figure 10. Phase Generator Model The purpose of the phase generator block is to allow various phases for the phase interpolation PLL in the forthcoming section. For this, the signal is limited to 360 degrees and various phases are generated as illustrated in figure 11. This is the final design of the VCO. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 11 VCO Block.png Figure 11. VCO Model A common VCO has a single output, known here as CLK_0. However, due to the use of phase interpolation in the second half of this PLL design, 3 other phases were generated. Each phase separated by 90 degrees. The feedback to the PDF is derived from CLK_0 signal that is passed through a relay that generates a clock signal from a sinusoidal signal. The final PLL design for the first potion is given in figure 12. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 12 PLL Block.png Figure 12. PLL Design Phase 1 Testing of the pll Testing of the PLL consisted of a pulse generator at the reference clock input. This signal was set to 50 Hz is mentioned in [3]. Figure 13 is a plot of the VCO output (CLK_0). The plot shows that in the beginning, the VCO is attempting to lock and after about 30 seconds, the system locks onto the frequency. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13- PLL Test Results.png Figure 13. PLL Phase 1 Test Results phase interpolator design A. Theory Behind Phase Interpolators Phase Interpolators (PI) is a modified version of a PLL. PIs function by taking a weighted values and multiplying and adding them to two signals shifted in phase at the same frequency. These weighted values are call alpha and beta. Beta equals 1 minus alpha as given in equation (1) (1) Where, B. Binary Phase Detector The phase detector used in the PI loop has been modified to act as a bang-bang phase detector instead of a linear phase detector. A modified version of the bang-bang phase detector [4] was used. This modified bang-bang phase detector is given in figure 13i. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13i- BBPD Block.png Figure 13i. Modified Bang-Bang Phase Detector A bang-bang phase detector is different from a linear phase detector since the output signals are fixed pulses and they signify if the feedback clocks rising edge is early or late. Those early and late signals are then fed into a charge pump, which tells the VCO (by means of a loop filter) to go faster or to slow down. Simulating this modified version of a phase detector was performed in Simulink. The feedback (reference) signal was delayed compared to the DATA clock. This implies that the phase detector outputs a logic high for the LATE signal, in which it does. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13ii- BBPD Test.png Figure 13ii. Bang-Bang Phase Detector Test Results D. Quadrature Clocks Quadrature Clocks are clocks that are separated by 90 degrees. The model to accomplish this was given in figure 11 of the VCO. Testing this with a simple pulse generator input signal provided the plots in figure 14. These plots show four signals that are 90 degrees out of phase with one another. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 14- Quad Phases.png Figure 14. Quadrate Phases Reading from the top of figure 14 to the bottom, the phases are as follows: 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees. E. Counter To ensure the entire 360 degrees of phases are covered, as given in the VCO, a counter was implemented. For this simulation, an 8-bit counter was used. This implies that for 360 degrees and an 8-bit counter, each degree represents 1.41 degrees of resolution. The importance of this is related to the unit circle. For a count from 0-255, each 64 counts represents a phase shift of 90 degrees. A simple counter was constructed in Simulink using a just three blocks as shown in figure 15. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 15- Counter.png Figure 15. Counter Model F. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Values To determine the alpha, beta, and the MUX values, a model was created in Simulink. From section C, an 8-bit counter was created. Of these 8-bits, bits 0-5 represent the alpha bits and bits 6-7 represent the MUX bits. These bits were extracted and then the alpha and the beta values were obtained as mentioned in section A and equation (1). A Simulink model is given in figure 16. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 16- Alpha Beta Mux.png Figure 16. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Extractor Testing the model in figure 16 revealed an interesting note. This model was taken directly from [3] and when a simple test of this block was performed, the MUX bits appeared to be out of the ordinary. It was expected that the MUX values would range from 0-4 as two bits were extracted, giving a four step ramp. However, the four step ramp ranged from 0-192. This is shown in figure 17. The next section discusses the MUX switching and this is why the issue was noticed. Because of this, this discussion will take place in the next section. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 17- Alpha Beta Mux Test.png Figure 17. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Test Results G. MUX Model Since a PI requires the use of two different phases simultaneously, a MUX is required to give the proper signals. In Simulink, a MUX was generated using multiport switch components. The model is given in figure 18 below. As there are four inputs, the select line is required to be a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4 in order to properly select the desired line. The select line is driven by the 2-bit MUX value that was obtained in the previous section, F. This implies that the MUX values should be a 1, 2, 3, or 4 value and not the values that are shown in figure 17. The four steps are correct, but further work is need to properly generate the appropriate select lines. Due to the MUX select lines not functioning properly, the final PI PLL design was unable to be properly tested. A solution to this problem is to write a piece of code that reads the MUX line and then determines the proper, 1, 2, 3, or 4 value. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 18- MUX Model.png Figure 18. MUX Model H. Finall PLL Block and Testing The final design of the complete PLL with the phase interpolator PLL is given in figure 19. As stated in MUX Model section, the MUX line had a critical error that prevented the PLL from being properly simulated. This error was due to the MUX select lines not being of the proper value. If given more time, code would be implemented to resolve this problem or the use of Simulink blocks to generate the proper values for the select lines. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 19- Final PLL Block.png Figure 19. Final PLL Design with PI For simplicity do to time constraints, a simple test was performed on the final design. Since the MUX select lines are not function properly, a constant value was fed into the select lines to manually pick the phases. When the select line was set to 1 for both, the graph in figure 20 was generated. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 20- Final PLL Test MUX 11.png Figure 20 PI Output/Feedback Pre Relay Figure 20 shows that the PLL is working to a degree. Unfortunately, it fails to be properly tested. Conclusion PLLs are commonly used devices in a wide range of applications. In this design, a phase interpolator version of a PLL was examined. Although the complete model was successfully constructed in Simulink, the final design was unable to be properly tested. This was due to the malfunction of the MUX select lines that prohibited the simulation to run. A quick work around was implemented, which meant the manual adjustment of the MUX select lines.

The American Penal System Essay -- solitary confinement, punishment, se

Imagine living your life inside of an enclosed, seven by twelve foot, concrete cell. The only access you have to outside world is the small slot in the door used for delivering medication and food, and a tiny window, used by the guards to make sure you are alive and breathing. The fact that they even have to check if you are alive should be a red flag to society. You are here for twenty three hours a day with only one hour of â€Å"recreation† outside of this cell. This time can be used to shower, workout or make a phone call, but you are still isolated. You are here locked up for weeks, months, or maybe even years. Throughout this whole time, you are left alone with no meaningful activity; just yourself and your thoughts, which can eventually drive you mad. This is solitary confinement. According to the Washington Post's â€Å"The Torture of Solitude,† â€Å"The United States holds the highest number of prisoners in solitary confinement of any democratic nation...â⠂¬  This is what approximately 80,000 prisoners across America have to suffer through. This is what the rest of the United States population should consider immoral. Solitary confinement was first introduced as a â€Å"humane alternative to hanging almost two hundred years ago† (ABS News). Yet there is nothing humane about it. The American Penal System needs to ban long term solitary confinement because it is unnecessary, inhumane, and ineffective. Many sentences of solitary confinement are unnecessary because many prisoners do not deserve such a harsh punishment. Deciding to place a criminal in solitary should be a last resort. Prison is a good enough punishment for people who have committed petty crimes. It is unnecessary for them to be placed in solitary, if they are not a danger to th... ... so they can eventually learn from their wrongs. They are eventually going to be integrated back into society, so we should help them become better people. Works Cited ABC News. "Solitary Confinement: No Way Out of the Monster Factory." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Curtis, Abigail. "Is Solitary Confinement Torture?: Proposed Bill would Place Limits on use of Solitary Confinement in State Prison." McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Oct 24 2009. ProQuest. Web. 28 Oct. 2013 . National Geographic Society. â€Å"Explorer: Solitary Confinement.† National Geographic Channel. Web Video. 22 Nov. 2013. "NYCLU Report Exposes Inhumane, Arbitrary use of Solitary Confinement in NY State Prisons." Targeted News Service. Oct 02 2012. ProQuest. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. "The Torture of Solitude." Washington Post. 2 July 2012. Academic OneFile. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

Factors Influencing Decisions to Study Overseas Essay

Introduction Past few decades have witnessed massive inflow and outflow of students in order to acquire foreign higher education. International education and the international mobility of students can be traced back to ancient times, as early as 600 BC in India (Chen, 2007). Since the late 1990s the higher  education market is growing by 7 percent a year. (Kaul, 2006).The trend is not only common in Western world but Asian students also constitute a major proportion of international students in foreign universities. This Asian market continues to be a major one (Gatfield & Hyde, 2005). The existence of world class institutes in UK and USA make them most preferred destinations for students. The prominent education exporting countries (those which sell education to international student) include USA, UK, Canada and Australia while the education importing countries (those which buy education from foreign universities) include East Asian Tigers, China, India and Pakistan. Due to increasing trend of foreign education, the competition amongst the education exporting countries is also becoming intense and thus they pursue better marketing efforts in order to attract foreign students. Pakistan’s service sector has grown substantially in past decade and requires major human capital in order to sustain efficient growth. A skilled workforce is a key to successful operations of any business. The development of sectors like information technology, financial sector and the establishment of multinational corporations require educated personnel. Therefore an educated and highly skilled human capital is a prerequisite for a developing country like Pakistan to enable economic growth. In Pakistan, there are a handful of universities offering post-graduate programs. The disciplines offered are not much diverse and the numbers of seats are also limited. Research facilities for doctoral studies are also not as advanced as in world class institutes abroad. Beside these already established facts, my research would revolve around the influence of personal factors, the â€Å"external push-pull factors† and the influence of family, peers, sponsors and employers. (Chen, 2007) Literature Review There have been several studies conducted on this topic. The ones I have gone through while doing literature review were carried out in India, China, Australia, Portugal, Canada, Malaysia, United Kingdom and South Africa. A research suggested that in order to attract international graduate students, focus should be concentrated on investing in research and ensuring the standards of education by the institutions, while efforts should be devoted to â€Å"the internationalization of graduate education†, as well as devising a national marketing strategy to portray a better image of their higher education institutions and programs. (Chen, 2007). This research suggested that pull factors of host institutions in terms of cost, academic excellence and Canada’s good reputation for cultural tolerance are more significant as compared to other personal factors. It further stated that the quality of education was more important to students as compared to financial concerns. ‘Internationalization of higher education’ related activities are significant to impact the decision of PhD students’ choice of foreign university whereas marketing activities directly influence students’ choice in taught degree programs. (Chen, 2007) A study by World Bank stated that foreign education is no different than trade. It is trade of a service where one country’s resident buys education from the country which is selling it. This study made an in-depth analysis of the negative push factors associated with the home country. The demand for foreign education increases when there is excess demand for domestic education and seats are limited. Also, the changing business dynamics and work practices require a more qualified taskforce which make international degree more valuable. Countries like India have started a collaboration program with foreign institutes to so that their domestic education system is improved. The study revealed that education trade has adverse impacts on domestic education system of home countries especially the developing ones. â€Å"Nonetheless, this trade is bound to increase and diversify due to the growing demand for foreign qualifications and increasing competition among industrialized nations in the higher education market and also due to the entry of more higher education institutions from developing countries, which can compete on both price and quality.† (Bashir, 2007) Greater economic benefits are achieved if natives have acquired higher education. Education export is a business for which the administrators need to devise marketing strategies in order to stay at par with competitors. In this Malaysian  study, international students have also been termed as customers as they are paying for the service. This study analysed 48 factors and their relative strengths which influenced the international students’ decisions to select appropriate universities for their post graduate studies. This study identified 6 major factors which attracted foreign students, with quality of education and impact of influencers being the most important ones. Importance of each factor was determined using ANOVA and MANOVA. The research suggested that students from different regions had different preferences and ‘needs and wants’. However, all these students demanded a better ‘customer focus’ as they were paying heavily. All international students evaluated factors like ‘qualification of instructors, medium of communication, learning environment, socialization and location’. Quality education, cost, and facilities are directly related to services provided by the HEIs (higher education institutes) are the key determinants of decision-making process by the international students therefore these factors should be addressed by the HEIs (Padlee, Kamaruddin, & Baharun, 2010) A study carried out in UK revealed that the students have a desire to attend a world class institute which motivates them to go abroad. It was also revealed that US is the most popular destination for UK students. Students with good academic capabilities were mainly the ones who applied to foreign universities. The social class and parental educational background also influenced the decision-making and the upper class and highly educated parent’s children were most likely to go abroad. However it was analysed that family influence mattered least while decision-making. A few students opted to study in Australia because they were interested in permanent emigration. It is predictable that the factor of a desire to attend a world class university will become more influential in upcoming decades as there has been an exponential rise in globally emerging world class institutes. (Findlay & King, 2010) International post graduate students studying in Malaysia ranked the programs offered as the most important criteria while selecting a particular university, followed by fees, facilities and academic staff performance. The paper stated that Malaysia is amongst the most preferred countries for educational purposes these days. The academic excellence of visiting and  permanent faculty is noted to be major influencer to attract students. International publications by the professors or university also impact the university reputation. Scholarships offered and ‘environment built’ were least important factors. However it was observed that there lays a difference in priorities of students from West and Asia. A multi criteria decision making issues were evaluated using AHP technique. This technique ranked the importance of each factor. Marketing implications for Malaysian universities is that they should offer a wide range of programs along with scholarships and reasonable fee structure. (Dahari & Abduh, 2011) The benefits of acquiring foreign education are evident in form of a highly skilled and productive labour force. The experience of foreign culture adds to learning experience and a more diversified labour force is produced. Owing to these benefits, competition amongst the education exporters has become intense. A South African study found out that the pull factors associated with host country are more influential in decision making rather that the negative push factors associated with the home country. Students purse foreign education primarily for career development and to experience a foreign culture. 14 factors were examined individually and the most influential factor was found to be â€Å"seeking qualifications with worldwide recognition† through rank order analysis. Other major factors include limited course availability in home country, better employment prospect with a foreign degree, experiencing foreign culture and higher quality education abroad. The two least important factors were strict entry requirements criteria in domestic institutions and non-acceptance by domestic university for preferred course. There was not much variation in responses of students from different countries. As the competition amongst the education exporting countries is increasing, greater marketing efforts are needed by these countries in order to be a lucrative market for foreign student. Internet could prove to be a beneficial tool in terms of advertising. It must be ensured that the quality of education is excellent so that there is cross border recognition of higher education institutes. (Mpinganjira, 2009) Today, higher education is a central factor in order to match pace with the rapidly advancing technological world. A study conducted in Australia  investigated the choice patterns of Singaporean students. Australia is favoured for higher education by international students due to its relatively lower cost of education and accommodation as compared to other Western countries. This study explored the demographic profiles of students in detail through in-depth interviews and found out how the socio-economic background, cultural influence and psychological factors of student influence their decision making. The students wanted to have an independent living experience. The decision making process is a highly complex one which requires high involvement where social, personal and behavioural aspects come into play. Cultural, colonial, political and regional interest similarities between Australia and Singapore are favourable factors which allow for educational exchange between two countries. The natural physical endowments such as oceans, beaches and vast land were also one of the attractions for international students to opt for Australia. The study concluded with a recommendation to Australian institutes to attract foreign students through advertising. (Gatfield & Hyde, 2005) An Indian research highlighted the need for higher educational institutes in their domestic market as there is a need for skilled labour force for their emerging industries. Not only there is a boom in industrial sector, but financial, medical, biotechnical and information technology sectors are also developing rapidly along with advent of multinational corporations. These sectors require human capital which is a product of quality higher education. That paper has termed international higher education as a business with students being its clients. It proposes that foreign campus of international universities should be established in India so that students who do not afford foreign education abroad may earn the fruits of this joint venture between Indian public institutes and foreign universities. (Kaul, 2006) Decision making process is a multi step process influenced by various factors at each stage. A paper by Pimpa primarily focuses on family, peers and agents influence on decision making of Thai students for foreign education. The family factor is further dissected into factors like finance, persuasion, competition and expectations while peers and agents may  influence through information and competition. The study also developed a relation between age and family influence, the older the students the lesser the influence of family on their decision. Thai students enrolled in Australian institutes were taken as sample through convenience sampling. The results depicted that finance factor of family influence had a major impact followed by information provided by agents and peers whereas competition amongst the family members and persuasion from family members were least important criteria. This study added the agents influence in detail to already existing theories of external push and pull factors. (Pimpa, 2003) Apart from the role played by external push and pull factors, the impact of personal psychographics and behavioural factors along with socio-economic background were studied by Boey, Smith and Cuthbert. Gender difference has often been sidelined in this area of research however this study also incorporated that how the relative importance of each factor vary with respect to gender difference making this research unique from all the previous works done. The demographic profiles of each respondent were made to determine their social class and standing. The main importers of Australian education are Asian students. 50% of students belonged to single income families while other 50% belonged to double income families thus being capable to afford education in Australia. Fathers of respondents were more qualified than mothers but the influence of parents’ education level was very minute. Results depicted that sons were sent to UK or US for higher education while daughters were sent to Australia due to relative lesser cost of education than in US or UK. The reputation and academic standing of the institute were prime factors which influenced the selection of university followed by ‘campus environment’, facilities and location. Also, females opted for foreign education as an opportunity to experience life abroad in independent manner. The results depicted that gender have different approaches and further research may be carried to highlight these differences. (Smit, Boey, & Cuthbert) A Portuguese study analysed the factors which led to departure of graduates for doing scientific PhD from abroad. These factors included better employment opportunities after acquiring foreign degree, better research  facilities abroad and lack of competitive scientific environment at home. The reputation of the institution, scientific motivations, such as the resource availability and the composition of the research were pull factors stated in sequence of their importance. (Delicado, 2010) Since the emergence of world as a global village, higher foreign education has become an essential part of the globalisation process. The demand for highly qualified professionals has lead to increased flow of students to international markets for acquiring foreign degrees. The prime objective of foreign education is ‘self development’ but it eventually adds up to national interest. The most beneficial outcome of the international education is that students become well equipped with the required tools to understand the concept of ‘social equity and justice’ with respect to international issues. The term ‘internationalization’ has several meanings attached to it but with respect to education it could be referred to as the process of adopting a set of activities to make domestic education system well integrated with foreign education system in order to meet the challenges of globalisation. There could be four possible rationales for internationalization process namely; political, social/cultural, economic and academic. Different stakeholders assign varying level of significance to these rationales. The differences in interest of various stakeholders usually give rise to conflicts which may hinder the internationalization process. The internationalization of education could be done though elements such as: joint research projects, international conferences and seminars, visiting faculty, distant learning, international students, cross cultural training, intercultural campus events, student exchange programs and foreign language education etc. (Qiang, 2003) Globalisation and internationalization are two phenomena which are distinct in nature but are inter-related. In past decades there has been a phenomenal shift to service based industries which has resulted into creation of a ‘knowledge society’. Trained personnel are thus required in knowledge based industries in modern times. These elements constitute the process of globalisation. Internationalization too is a part of globalisation where academic institutions indulge in activities such as student exchange  programs, designing international standard curriculum, foreign language programs and branch campuses etc. The main education selling countries are UK and US and earn handsome profits through international students from Asian and Latin American countries. Some institutions from UK and US have opened up branch campuses in Qatar, Singapore and Spain along with some other countries which facilitate provision of international standard education in middle income countries. The factors which hinder the international student mobility include terrorism acts, cultural intolerance, greater cost of foreign education, government regulations, language barriers, government regulations and policies, distant learning programs and the emergence of private sector educational institutes. Provision of international education should not be aimed at earning profits; rather it should have a vision to benefit public on a mass scale. (Altbach & Knight, 2007) Chinese students compose the major chunk of world pie of international students and Australia is one of the biggest known for education export. It is a preferred destination for Chinese students because of security and friendly environment for foreigners. In the earlier times, Chinese government used to fund foreign studies of its students however now the Chinese family’s major expense second to food is their child’s education expense. Chinese push factors include inadequate number of institutions in domestic market, increasing trend of foreign education in society, increased ability for self funded foreign education due to rapid economic growth and the need for highly skilled labour. Parents are more aware of the potential benefits of foreign degree thus are willing to invest in their child’s future. While selecting the host country, Chinese students consider factors like the reputation of host country, the recognition of the institute, cost of living and tuition fee, the influence of family, friends and peers, the proximity of host country to Mainland China and the host countries’ laws and regulations. Chinese students surprisingly do not have an urge to live in West and experience their lifestyle and culture. Research proved that Australia was preferred over US, UK and Canada. The most important factor which influences their decision to study abroad is the better quality of education abroad as compared to that in their home country. Australia  attracts students because of its appealing immigration policy, lower crime rate, English-speaking country, cultural tolerance, lower cost of tuition and living and quick visa application processing. (Yang, 2007) Push factors are associated with the social and economic factors of the home country which propel the students to pursue foreign education. The selection of the host country is relied on pull factors which attract foreign students. In developing countries of Asia and Africa there are not enough opportunities in domestic market to acquire higher education therefore students direct themselves to foreign journey. The historical and colonial link of the host and home countries is one of the major factors which influence the decision of students in terms of selection of host country. Other factors include the language similarity, geographical proximity to home country and the technological advancement of the host country. The push factors of home country include the economic stability, its contribution to world economy, emphasis on education importance by the government and access to higher education at home. The pull model stated that the attraction to a particular country is influenced by the kind of economic and political ties which persist between the home and host country. The common model states the first step is to decide whether to study abroad or in home country, second is the choice of host country and the last decision is to select the host institution. Through each stage of the process, several independent factors influence the decision which includes the immigration intentions, barriers to entry in domestic institutes, limited courses offered at home, to experience foreign culture and better quality of education abroad. Major concerns are cost of living, travelling, tuition fees and career prospects. (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002) Research Questions and Objectives The central research question is: What are the major factors which influence Pakistani students’ decisions to pursue post graduate studies in a foreign country? While attempting to address the central question, this study also incorporates following questions: 1. What are the characteristics of Pakistani students who acquired foreign degrees? 2. Why did students  prefer to study abroad? 3. How has their socioeconomic background and family setup influenced their decision? The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that influence the decision to study abroad. It would explore the extent to which various factors influence the decision to study abroad and how different student’s preferences vary based on personal factors and their socioeconomic backgrounds. Finally this study would provide implications for Pakistani universities as to how they could improve their education system in order to attract native students. It would also be beneficial for education exporting countries as they could formulate their marketing strategies based on the findings of this paper.. Theoretical Framework It’s a three staged process where students first decide whether to go abroad for higher education or to study at a local institute. Once they have chosen to study abroad, they select a host country. This second stage is a critical decision to make where students have to weigh the positives and negatives of various options available. The last stage is the selection of the institute. This three staged process is commonly adapted by every student who considers studying abroad but sometimes students skip the second stage, the selection of host country, and finally pick up the institution for them. E.g. getting enrolled at Ivy League or Oxford is the aim of some students so they do not consider applying to any other country thereby skipping the second stage. The first stage is to take the decision whether to study in Pakistan or abroad. At this stage, personal motivation factors to study abroad and the influence of family and peers along with the external push and pull factors influence the decision. Once the student has decided to go abroad, the second stage comes into play which is selection of destination. Several factors come into consideration while selecting the host country. Major factors are proximity to home country, cultural similarity, language and ease of visa process. After the selection of host country, third stage is selection of host institution. While selecting the university, factors such  as programs offered, facilities, fee structure, international reputation and academic quality are evaluated. Throughout the three ages, following independent variables influence the students’ decisions. * â€Å"Personal characteristics & motivation† Personal characteristics include socioeconomic background, preferences, academic ability, social capital, and creative capital. (Chen, 2007) * â€Å"External push & pull factors† (Internationalization & Globalisation: Prospects of better employment, esteemed foreign degrees, opportunity to experience foreign culture, desired education not available, home country lacks research facilities, limited career prospects at home, financial support from home government or agency). — include positive and negative forces from the home and host countries, personal driving forces due to external influences, and institutional characteristics. (Chen, 2007) * â€Å"Friends and Family influence†. It includes encouragement from family / spouse, relatives, professors, sponsors, or employers. (Chen, 2007) The dependant variable is the decision to go abroad for post graduate studies. By the end of the search stage for institutions, students will derive a choice set of institutions from which to make applications. The final stage of the school choice is to select one school from the set of offers of admission. Students will make trade-offs among the factors considered in the search stage, and reach a final choice. Literature review covered factors like characteristics of graduate international students — as well as studies on college choice factors, such as location characteristics, economics of international graduate education, visa, and education / immigration / mobility. The push – pull model was also reviewed to understand the strengths of and relationships among various factors that influence the choice of a country, institution, program, and city. A push – pull model was originally used in the theory of migration (E. S. Lee, 1966) to explain the factors influencing the movement of people. The model has been used to understand the international students’ choice of a country (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). The push factors are the factors associated  with the home country. Some push factors are positive and some are negative in nature, while pull factors are in general positive to attract international students to the destination. In essence, the decision, motivations, and flow of international students are a function of the combined ‘pull’ factors and ‘push’ factors as influenced by intervening obstacles. The push factors had strength in the initial reasons for studying abroad, while the pull factors dominated the choices, especially the appeal of program availability. Hypotheses Ho: Family and Friends influence does not impact the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA: Family and Friends influence does impact the decision to go abroad for post graduation. Ho: Personal motivation does not influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA: Personal motivation does influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. Ho: External push and pull factors do not influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA: External factors push and pull factors do influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. Methodology The methodology that has been adopted is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research to analyse the factors which are most influential during the process. Quantitative data from a survey questionnaire have been collected to determine the relative strength of each factor influencing the decision to purse foreign education. The impact of push and pull factors, personal motivation, family and peers influence and their relative importance in taking the final decision have been studied using regression and cross tabulations. The survey questionnaire used for this research purpose is taken from a study of English Alumni, administered by the University of Dundee (Professor Findlay) and University of Sussex (Professor King) in UK in 2010. The used for analysis is collected using survey questionnaires sent to international graduates who have returned to Pakistan after acquiring post graduate degrees from abroad or are currently enrolled in foreign universities. The survey comprised a structured, detailed and comprehensive questionnaire examining various factors related to international study. Targeted sample size was minimum 50 surveys to be obtained from the international postgraduate Pakistani students however only  45 were returned. Judgemental sampling was done. Diversity in age, gender and socio economic background were considered while selecting respondents. It was preferred to have a balance between male and female respondents. The data collected has been used to develop a framework which best describes the decision making process of Pakistani students when they decide to pursue foreign education. Instrumentation The questionnaire was designed and piloted in such a way as to ensure that maximum relevant information could be collected with minimal imposition on respondents. It takes 10 minutes to complete on average, with a range between 5 and 15 minutes. The questionnaire was designed to provide useful data to answer, or at least shed light on, the research aims. The questionnaire mainly involves closed questions, simple to tick or write a one-word response, with a few spaces for elaborations where it is thought necessary or useful. First three questions are basics about age, gender and the course of study that was completed abroad. Next question asks about the discipline that was chosen for study abroad. This question would help me figure the preferred courses which students pursue abroad. This would also help me explore that the decision to study abroad might was taken because that particular courses were not offered here in Pakistan. The question about financing of study program would help profile the students, which would in turn help me to analyse how financing issue impacted student’s choices to study abroad. The next question about guidance from school staff is related to the independent variable of the impact of significant others. This would help me analyse the importance and impact of information from school about opportunity to study abroad and whether this facilitated the decision to study abroad or it had no impact. The objective of the question which asks to mention preferred Pakistani universities is to identify the top preferred post-grad institutes where these students had considered to study in home country. The following question would explore that what was the impact of rejection or acceptance by domestic institutes on students’ decision to go abroad. Next question would help determine that whether the restrictions on number of places to study the preferred discipline in Pakistani u niversities a factor in encouraging students to consider studying abroad. Under the head of ‘impact of significant others’ there are questions  about the contact with acquaintances who were already present at the foreign university. Following is the question about whether there was any information given about scholarships/bursaries by the schools and was that important for those students in making a decision about foreign education. The next question is about the next two independent variables, ‘students’ characteristics & motivation’ and ‘ external push and pull factors of home and host country’. There are seven factors which are being analysed and have been assigned a scale ranging from very important to slightly important to not important and finally not applicable. It includes factors like family pressure to study abroad, personal motivation to attend a world class university, desire for a better career, limited courses available in Pakistan, opportunity to experience foreign culture, increasing trend of acquiring foreign degrees and finally the institutions’ ranking. The responses by respondents would help me identify how important was each of the stated factors. The next question is open ended which ask students to mention the key factors which influenced their choice of one country over other and the factors which led to selection of a particular institute. This would help me identify the pull factors which attract students to foreign universities. Next question is about the qualification level of the respondents’ parents. The level of education which they have might influence the decision of students for foreign post grad study. Last question is about the hindrances or the factors which might have concerned students about studying outside Pakistan. Again the degree of importance ranges from very important to not important. The purpose of these factors is to analyse how each factor affected their decision process. These factors include: problem with the foreign language, difficult to leave parental family or spouse/partner, cultural shock, financial constraints to bear expenses and concerns about obtaining visa.